信息、知识、技能、智慧

　　在网上读到一则关于信息（information）、知识（knowledge）、技能（skill）、智慧（wisdom）的小故事，挺有意思的：

Information, Knowledge, Wisdom...

Bill, Mary and Dick were passengers on the Titanic.

Bill counted all the lifeboats. He knew exactly how many paces it was from his cabin to the nearest lifeboat. Bill had information, but when the Titanic sank, he was busy counting icebergs and he drowned.

Mary was a naval architect. She had designed the Titanic and all of its lifeboats. Mary had knowledge, but when the Titanic sank, she was unable to lower one of the lifeboats and she drowned.

Dick was a sailor. He had practised lowering lifeboats most of his life. Dick had skill, and when the Titanic sank, he saved himself and many others.

Jane was not a passenger on the Titanic. She took one look at the inadequate number of lifeboats on the ‘unsinkable’ ship and refused to sail on it. Jane had wisdom.

　　我们可以把这小故事中的信息、知识、技能、智慧看成是学习的阶段或境界。

　　现代人处于一个信息超载（information overload）的时代，我们在学习某个领域的过程中，一般都可以通过各种渠道获得大量的事实（fact）和数据（data）。这些信息需要经过消化、整理之后，才能综合成我们的知识。

　　但是，如果知识只是停留于“知”而不去“行”，就无法转化成我们的技能。可以说，行动、实践是从知识到技能的必经之路。当我们学到某种技能时，就是去到一个“知行合一”的阶段。

　　然而，技能始终只是“照章行事”而后“熟能生巧”，尚缺深度。这时，我们就必须进一步用脑思考、用心反省，脱离现有知识和技能的框架，从中挖掘出更深刻的内涵、意义，才能生出智慧，去到一个“随意着墨皆文章”的境界。

　　你希望自己是Bill、Mary、Dick还是Jane呢？